Definition of Chandala
Hinduism considers the social group referred to as “Chandala” to be outside the traditional caste system and often perceives them as the lowest of the low. The term has its roots in the ancient Hindu scriptures and primarily associates with the concept of purity and pollution.
Chandala Origins and Historical Context
Scholars believe that the term Chandala originated in the ancient Hindu scriptures, such as the Rigveda and the Manusmriti.. These texts codified the caste system, which divided society into four main castes, with the Brahmins at the top and the Shudras at the bottom. Society regarded it, along with other groups such as the untouchables and the outcasts, as social pariahs and treated them as outside the caste system.
Significance in Hindu Beliefs
Hinduism closely links purity and pollution to the concept of Chandala, and considers certain actions or behaviors, such as touching a dead body or eating non-vegetarian food, to be impure. These impurities can transfer from one person to another, and society often shuns or excludes those deemed impure. The Chandala, seen as inherently impure, threatened the purity of the caste system.
Contemporary Views and Criticisms
In modern times, the caste system has come under increasing criticism, both within India and around the world. Many argue that the system perpetuates inequality and social injustice, and is outdated and discriminatory. The Chandala’s treatment sparks debate, with some advocating for their integration into mainstream society.
Chandala in Hinduism reflects the complex relationship between purity, caste, and social scale in Indian society.
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